这篇文章主要为大家展示了“MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析”,内容简而易懂,条理清晰,希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑,下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析”这篇文章吧。
实验环境
mysql master : 192.168.111.52
mysql slave : 192.168.111.53
keepalived vip : 192.168.111.60
、搭建过程
1. mysql双主的构建
① 互相 change master 即可,此处省略该过程,着重讲下keepalived
2. keepalived相关
① yum -y install keepalived 安装keepalived
② [email protected]:~# keepalived -v
Keepalived v1.2.7 (02/21,2013)
③ 编辑 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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[email protected]:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf
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! Configuration File for keepalived
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global_defs {##全局配置
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notification_email {
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[email protected] #####邮件接收者
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}
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notification_email_from [email protected] #####邮件发送者
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smtp_server smtp.163.com #####SMTP服务器
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smtp_connect_timeout 30
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router_id haMySQL #####routerID 同一组keepalived设置为相同
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}
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vrrp_script chk_mysql {##健康检测相关配置
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script “/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh” #####设置脚本 或者直命令 返回 0 则表示成功 >0 则表示失败, 详情可以后面的脚本内容
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interval 1 #####检测间隔
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weight 2 #####检测返回失败之后优先级会减少 2 (如果 master优先级100 , slave 优先级 99 ,master检测失败则优先级为100-2 < 99 ,则slave会提升为主)
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}
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vrrp_instance VI_1 {
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state MASTER ##### 设为master
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interface eth2 ##### 网卡设定
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virtual_router_id 51 ##### 针对该 instance的虚拟id , 同一组 instance设置相同
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priority 100 ##### 优先级设定
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advert_int 1 ##### 检测时间间隔
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authentication {
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auth_type PASS ##### 同一组instance之间的认证方式为 PASS ,pass 为7777 ,必须相同(防止 有用户恶意伪造 vrrp)
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auth_pass 7777
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}
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virtual_ipaddress {
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192.168.111.60 ##### 设置虚拟ip ,可以设置多个
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}
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track_script {
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chk_mysql ##### 表示该instance 使用chk_mysql进行相关检测
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}
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##### 以下配置 在该实例 转换为 master,slave,或者出错的时候执行的脚本(可以设置邮件通知,或者处理一些其他问题)
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# notify_master “/etc/keepalived/change_master.sh”
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# notify_slave “/etc/keepalived/change_slave.sh”
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# notify_fault “/etc/keepalived/change_fault.sh”
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}
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[email protected]:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf
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! Configuration File for keepalived
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global_defs {
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notification_email {
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}
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notification_email_from [email protected]
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smtp_server smtp.163.com
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smtp_connect_timeout 30
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router_id haMySQL
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}
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vrrp_script chk_mysql {
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script “/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh”
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interval 1
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weight 2
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}
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vrrp_instance VI_1 {
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state BACKUP ##### 该主机作为备机 BACKUP
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interface eth2
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virtual_router_id 51
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priority 99 ##### 优先级设置 小于 master
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advert_int 1
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authentication {
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auth_type PASS
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auth_pass 7777
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}
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virtual_ipaddress {
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192.168.111.60
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}
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track_script {
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chk_mysql
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}
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}
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[email protected]:keepalived# cat chk_mysql.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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num=`ps -ef |grep mysqld | grep -v grep | wc -l` ##### 查看mysqld进程数量 , 正常情况有一个root起的mysqld_safe守护进程,还有一个属于mysql用户的mysqld进程
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[[ $num -eq 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1
3. 故障模拟
① 启动 keepalived
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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[email protected]:keepalived# tail /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
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Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Opening file ‘/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf’.
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Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Configuration is using : 7417 Bytes
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Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Opening file ‘/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf’.
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Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Configuration is using : 65552 Bytes
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Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
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Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
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Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded
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Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
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Apr 29 13:45:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
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[email protected]:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Opening file ‘/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf’.
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Configuration is using : 65550 Bytes
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Opening file ‘/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf’.
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Configuration is using : 7415 Bytes
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
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Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded
ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master)上
② 关闭 111.52上面的mysql
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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[email protected]:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown
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[email protected]:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 14:19:30 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) failed
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Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
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Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
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[email protected]:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 14:19:55 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
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Apr 29 14:19:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
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Apr 29 14:19:57 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.53(master)上
③ 启动111.52上面的mysql
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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[email protected]:keepalived# mysqld_safe & ; tailf /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 14:24:21 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded
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Apr 29 14:24:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
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Apr 29 14:24:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
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Apr 29 14:24:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
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[email protected]:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
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Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master)上,也就是说111.52会持续通过track_script的脚本检查 ,若成功的话会恢复原来的优先级100 ,便把vip抢过来了(若不希望优先级高的直接上来直接抢占vip的话 需要再instance 里面配置 nopreempt ,backup无需设置)
虚拟server
以上是实验是通过 vrrp_script以及trace_script 实现优先级变换来实现故障转移的,现在看下 通过虚拟server怎么实现mysql的高可用
① 配置
点击(此处)折叠或打开
-
[email protected]:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
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! Configuration File for keepalived
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global_defs {
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notification_email {
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}
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notification_email_from [email protected]
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smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com
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smtp_connect_timeout 30
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router_id haMySQL
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}
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vrrp_script chk_mysql {
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script “/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh”
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interval 1
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weight 2
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}
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vrrp_instance VI_1 {
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state MASTER
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interface eth2
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virtual_router_id 51
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priority 100
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nopreempt
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advert_int 1
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authentication {
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auth_type PASS
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auth_pass 7777
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}
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virtual_ipaddress {
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192.168.111.60
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}
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# track_script {
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# chk_mysql
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# }
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}
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virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 {
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delay_loop 6
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persistence_timeout 300
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protocol TCP
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real_server 192.168.111.52 3306 {
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weight 1
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notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh
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TCP_CHECK {
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tcp_port 3306
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connect_timeout 3
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}
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}
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}
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[email protected]:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
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! Configuration File for keepalived
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global_defs {
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notification_email {
-
}
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notification_email_from [email protected]
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smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com
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smtp_connect_timeout 30
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router_id haMySQL
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}
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vrrp_script chk_mysql {
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script “/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh”
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interval 1
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weight 2
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}
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vrrp_instance VI_1 {
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state BACKUP
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interface eth2
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virtual_router_id 51
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priority 99
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advert_int 1
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authentication {
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auth_type PASS
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auth_pass 7777
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}
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virtual_ipaddress {
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192.168.111.60
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}
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# track_script { #########这里先注释掉 通过追踪脚本的检查
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# chk_mysql
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# }
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}
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virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 {
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delay_loop 6
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persistence_timeout 300
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protocol TCP
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real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真实 服务
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weight 1 #### 权重,用来多真实服务 均衡使用
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notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh ####在检查该服务不可用时执行该脚本(用来杀死 keepalived 实现 vip 飘逸)
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TCP_CHECK {
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tcp_port 3306 #### 检查端口 继承 real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真实 服务
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connect_timeout 3 #### tcp超时时间
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}
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}
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}
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[email protected].111.53:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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killall keepalived
②启动keepalived
点击(此处)折叠或打开
-
[email protected]:keepalived# keepalived
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[email protected]:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Opening file ‘/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf’.
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Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Configuration is using : 64590 Bytes
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Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
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Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Scheduler not found
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Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found
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Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Service not defined
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Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
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Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.52]:3306
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Apr 29 14:48:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
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Apr 29 14:48:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
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[email protected]:keepalived# keepalived
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[email protected]:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Configuration is using : 11673 Bytes
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Opening file ‘/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf’.
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Configuration is using : 64568 Bytes
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Scheduler not found
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Service not defined
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
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Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.53]:3306
此时 ip a 命令可以查看虚拟ip 111.60 在111.52(master) 上
③关闭 111.52上的mysql
点击(此处)折叠或打开
-
[email protected]:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown
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2017-04-29T07:07:38.121123Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql/mysqld.pid ended
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[1]+ Done mysqld_safe
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[email protected]:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: TCP connection to [192.168.111.52]:3306 failed !!!
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Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Removing service [192.168.111.52]:3306 from VS [192.168.111.60]:3306
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Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: IPVS: Service not defined
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Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Executing [/etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh] for service [192.168.111.52]:3306 in VS [192.168.111.60]:3306
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Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Lost quorum 1-0=1 > 0 for VS [192.168.111.60]:3306
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Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Remote SMTP server [0.0.0.0]:25 connected.
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Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived[23404]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.7 (02/21,2013)
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Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: IPVS: No such service
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Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23406]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority
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[email protected]:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
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Apr 29 15:07:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26815]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
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Apr 29 15:07:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26815]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
此时 ip a 命令可以看到虚拟ip 111.60在111.53(新master)上
以上是“MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析”这篇文章的所有内容,感谢各位的阅读!相信大家都有了一定的了解,希望分享的内容对大家有所帮助,如果还想学习更多知识,欢迎关注云搜网行业资讯频道!